Biomedical research, teaching, and testing

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, December 1993:

The report in our November issue
that a George Washington University team
had cloned human embryos was in error,
based on an erroneous article in The New York
Times. What the researchers actually did was
achieve artificial embryonic cell division,
which creates the possibility of conceiving
twins via in vitro fertilization.
Veterinarian/astronaut Dr. Martin
Fettman on October 30 performed the first
dissections in space, assisted by Dr. Rhea
Seddon, aboard the space shuttle Columbia.

Diet & Health

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, December 1993:

Unhealthy diet follows smoking as
the leading cause of preventable death i n
the U.S., according to a new study co-
authored by Dr. Mcihael McGinnis, deputy
assistant secretary in the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services. McGinnis is
responsible for designing U.S. disease pre-
vention strategy. Preventable deaths account
for about half of the U.S. death rate. The
study appeared in the Journal of the American
Medical Association.

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AGRICULTURE

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, December 1993:

The USDA on November 5
approved the sale of milk produced with the
use of a genetically engineered bovine
growth hormone, bovine somatotropin,
effective when a Congressionally imposed
moratorium expires February 3. In the interim,
the anti-genetic engineering Foundation on
Economic Trends and small dairy farmers are
trying to form a national boycott of dairies that
buy milk from BST users. The potential
impact of BST is indirectly illustrated by newly
released statistics showing California is the top
dairy state in the US., with only 2,000 farms
and 1.2 million cows, compared with 29,000
farms and 1.5 million cows for Wisconsin, the
runner-up. Most Wisconsin farms are family-
run; most California production comes from
mega-scale factory farms, whose cows may
never go outdoors or taste fresh grass. BST is
expected to tilt farm economics further in favor
of the factory farmers.

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Is leukemia still #1 disease threat to cats?

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, December 1993:

Shelter          Cats Screened             Cats FeLV+              %
Americ an SPCA (NY) 20,000+ 400/500 >2.5%
Anti-Cruel ty Society (Chicago, IL) 3,600 “few”
Bennington County Humane Society (VT) (“we want adoptors to take cats to a vet)
Bloomington Animal Control (MN) (“costs too much”)
Knoxville County Humane Society (TN) 30 0 0
Mari n Humane Society (CA) 1,500 30/40 >2.5%
North Shore Animal League (NY) 20,000 400/500 >2.5%
Progressive Animal Welfare Society (WA) 1,125/1,500 25/30 >2.0%

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ANIMAL HEALTH

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, December 1993:

A mystery hantavirus that killed 26 peopleear-
lier this year could spread across the U.S., the November 5
issue of Science warned. The Pulmonary Syndrome
Hantavirus, as it is now called, PSH for short, was traced
to deer mice after killing 19 people near the junction of
Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado––and deer
mice range over most of North America. Cases have now
been confirmed as far north as Montana and the Dakotas,
as far west as coastal California, and as far east as
Louisiana. The southwestern outbreak may have occurred
as result of heavy rains in early 1992 that produced a
bumper crop of pinon nuts and grasshoppers, both staple
foods for deer mice, whose population exploded. The
Centers for Disease Control suspects the outbreak was
detected only because so many cases appeared at once.

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Diet & Health

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, November 1993:

Men who eat a lot of animal fat,
especially the fat from red meat, have more
than two and a half times the risk of develop-
ing prostate cancer than men who eat little or
none, a team of Harvard University and
Mayo Clinic researchers reported in the
October Journal of the National Cancer
Institute. The study investigated the eating
habits of 47,855 men. Over 165,000
American men develop prostate cancer each
year, often losing their sexual function in
consequence; 35,000 American men per year
die of prostate cancer.

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AGRICULTURE

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, November 1993:

A House/Senate conference com-
mittee agreed October 7 to raise the grazing
fee on federal land from $1.86 per animal unit
month to $3.45 over the next three years, and
to increase government supervision of ranching
activities on leased federal land. The higher
fee––still far lower than the going rate for leas-
ing privately owned grazing land––is expected
to sharply reduce the number of cattle and
sheep on the range in 16 western states. Final
approval of the grazing bill is pending.
October 16, both the House and the Senate
voted to eliminate $500 million in subsidies to
the slumping sheep industry. Wool and lamb
prices have fallen to record lows in each of the
past three years. The American Sheep Industry
Association predicted 25% to 30% of U.S.
sheep ranches would go out of business.

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Zoos

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, November 1993:

Trying to share World Series pub-
licity, the Philadelphia Zoo wagered the loan of
two white lion cubs against the loan of two
Tasmanian Devils from the Toronto Zoo on
October 17––and incensed some Philadelphians
who thought the deal showed a casual attitude
toward the fate of the animals. Both zoos are
well-reputed, and the animals were apparently
scheduled to be moved elsewhere anyway.
The San Diego Zoo, barred from
renting two giant pandas from China at $1
million a year by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, is trying to decide what to do with a
new million-dollar panda cage and an extensive
stock of panda souvenirs. Interior Secretary
Bruce Babbitt ruled that the deal might con-
tribute to “irresistible pressure for the capture
and export of pandas,” contrary to the best
interest of the highly endangered species, even
though it was billed as a breeding loan and
China was supposed to spend the revenue on
panda conservation projects––which have
included such only vaguely related activities as
building hotels and hydroelectric dams in the
recent past. The deal also contradicted policy
of the American Society of Zoological Parks
and Aquariums.

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Biomedical research

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, November 1993:

A George Washington University
research team revealed October 25 in
Science that it recently cloned and
destroyed a number of human embryos,
which were available for experimental use
because they had genetic flaws. It was the
most advanced genetic engineering experi-
ment to date using human tissue. The
announcement came less than a month after
300 scientists gathered in England to discuss
xenography––animal-to-human organ trans-
plants–– made theoretically possible after a
century of failures by implanting human genes
into animals raised as donors, which would
give the organs a human configuration and
help to overcome tissue rejection.

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