WHO GETS THE MONEY?

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, December 1996:

This is our seventh annual report on the budgets,
assets, and salaries paid by the major national animal-related
charities, listed on the following pages, together with a handful
of local activist groups and humane societies, whose data
we offer for comparative purposes. This is the fifth of these
reports published in ANIMAL PEOPLE.
Each charity is identified in the second column by
apparent focus: A stands for advocacy, C for conservation of
habitat via acquisition, E for education, H for support of hunting
(either for “wildlife management” or recreation), L for litigation,
P for publication, R for animal rights, S for shelter
and sanctuary maintenance, V for focus on vivisection issues,
and W for animal welfare. The R and W designations are used
only if a group makes a point of being one or the other.
While many groups are involved in multiple activities,
space limits us to providing only four identifying letters.

Except where otherwise stated, the financial data
comes from current Internal Revenue Service Form 990 filings,
covering either calendar year or fiscal year 1995.
To put these numbers in perspective, consider that
the National Charities Information Bureau requires approved
charities to spend at least 60% of their budgets on programs,
not including direct mail associated with fundraising. This
standard is stricter––and more indicative of an organization’s
priorities––than the IRS rules, which allow charities to write
off some direct mail costs as program service under the heading
of “public education.” Thus the figures that charities declare
and the figures as amended in accordance with NCIB guidelines
often differ. The % column states each charity’s overhead
and fundraising costs as declared to the IRS. The ADJ column
states those costs as they appear to be under NCIB guidelines,
which we apply in simplified form, asking of any mailing,
“Would this have been sent if postal rules forbade the inclusion
of a donor card and a return envelope?” If the answer is no,
the mailing should properly be considered “fundraising,” not
“program.” Differences between the declared and adjusted balance
between program and fundraising/overhead spending
appear in boldface. For certain smaller charities, which use
Form 990-EZ instead of the longer Form 990, we cannot accurately
separate program expenses and overhead. However,
since such charities rarely have paid staff or do much fundraising,
one can presume a heavy tilt toward program service.
Groups which collect interest on large endowments
tend to have less overhead because they are not obliged to
spend as much on fundraising.
Shelters and sanctuaries which rely heavily on volunteer
labor and donated supplies by contrast tend to have “high”
overhead because much of their program activity doesn’t show
up in strict cash accounting.
The seventh through ninth columns provide data on
assets. Note that shelters and sanctuaries tend to have more
fixed assets (land, buildings, and equipment) because of the
nature of their work. Often total assets add up to less than the
sum of fixed assets and cash because of declared liabilities.
The NCIB also suggests that, “Usually, the organization’s
net assets available for the following fiscal year should
not be more than twice the higher of the current year’s expenses
or the next year’s budget.” However, not all cash and securities
are actually available; many older organizations derive half or
more of their income from interest.

BUDGETS, PROGRAMS, OVERHEAD AND ASSETS

ORGANIZATION TYPE BUDGET PROGRAMS OVERHEAD % ADJ ASSETS FIXED CASH/SECUR.
NOTE
African Wildlife Foundation AEH $ 4,535,765 $ 3,525,533 $ 1,010,232 22% 31 % $ 3,338,478 $ 244,128 $ 2,528,998
Alley Cat Allies AE $ 36,073 $ 35,819 $ 254 7% 7% $ 8,258 $ (no details received) A
Amer. Anti-Vivisection Society AEV $ 1,045,055 $ 852,920 $ 192,135 18% 18% $ 8,017,398 $ 57,134 $ 7,481,678
America’s Eagles AES $ 424,437 $ 350,595 $ 73,842 17% 17% $ 129,012 $ 36,932 $ 106,713 B
AFAAR V $ 40,375 $ 39,840 $ 535 _ _ $ 70,616 $ none $ 70,616 A C
American Humane Association AEW $ 6,589,038 $ 4,859,792 $ 1,729,246 26% 26% $ 3,022,975 $ 2,475,364 $ 2,202,667 D
American Ornithologists Union AE $ 196,710 $ 139,211 $ 57,499 29% 29% $ 3,003,831 $ none $ 3,057,781
American Rivers AE $ 2,868,459 $ 2,338,793 $ 529,666 19% 19% $ (no details received) C American SPCA AES $
18,111,834 $ 12,210,967 $ 5,900,865 33% 44% $ 36,371,864 $16,079,673 $ 10,880,856 E
Animal Legal Defense Fund AL $ 1,315,347 $ 924,406 $ 390,941 30% 75% $ 655,893 $ 302,085 $ 354,010
A NIMAL PEOPLE P $ 119,475 $ 101,132 $ 18,343 18% 18% $ 33,163 $ 15,885 $ 17,332
Animal Protection Institute AE $ 1,263,623 $ 940,985 $ 322,638 25% 34% $ 533,369 $ 308,994 $ 452,710
Animal Rights International AER $ 96,162 $ 89,362 $ 6,800 7% 7% $ 129,764 $ none $ 151,124
Animal Rights Mobilization AE $ 27,549 $ 17,722 $ 10,027 36% 36% $ 5,301 $ 5,215 $ 86
Animal Rights Network / Animals’ Agenda (Did not respond to direct request for IRS Form 990; IRS reported it couldn’t find one.)
Animal Welfare Institute AE $ (Had not yet filed IRS Form 990 or completed audited financial statement at deadline)
Animal Rights Mobilization AE $ 27,549 $ 17,722 $ 10,027 36% 36% $ 5,301 $ 5,215 $ 86
Beauty Without Cruelty USA AE $ 510 $ 105 $ 405 79% 79% $ 17,083 $ none $ 17,083 AC
Bellingham/Whatcom Cty. HS/SPCA S $ 941,237 $ 570,585 $ 370,652 39% 39% $ 647,539 $ 71,534 $ 597,862
Best Friends Animal Sanctuary SP $ 2,621,021 $ 1,633,047 $ 987,974 38% 38% $ 3,345,612 $ 3,746,466 $ 183,403 F
Brian Davies Foundation AE $ 323,237 $ 297,827 $ 25,410 8% 8% $ 205,964 $ none $ 5,163,316 N
Center for Animal Care & Control S $ 2,711,869 $ 2,195,567 $ 516,302 19% 19% $ 57,366 $ none $ 602,462 G
Concern for Helping Animals in Israel $ (Had not yet filed IRS Form 990 or completed audited financial statement at deadline)
Conservation International AE $ 12,132,189 $ 9,802,125 $ 2,330,064 19% 19% $ 3,491,021 $ 183,221 $ 2,007,695
Defenders of Animal Rights S $ 614,722 $ 487,887 $ 126,835 21% 3 9% $ 1,164,332 $ 1,461,688 $ 347,035
Defenders of Wildlife AEH $ 6,819,161 $ 5,231,045 $ 1,588,116 23% 26% $ 5,400,802 $ 271,173 $ 5,515,001
DELTA Rescue S $ 3,069,450 $ 2,649,441 $ 420,009 12% 21% $ 5,200,926 $ 3,114,114 $ 768,529
Doing Things For Animals AE $ 9,730 $ 7,172 $ 2,558 26% 26% $ _25 $ none $ _25 A C
Dolphin Alliance S $ 126,980 $ 93,636 $ 28,242 22% 23% $ _9,418 $ none $ _9,418 H
Doris Day Animal League AER $ 1,841,021 $ 1,173,537 $ 667,484 36% 72% $ 591,884 $ 22,909 $ 592,315 I
Earth Island Institute AE $ 3,035,373 $ 2,497,190 $ 538,183 18% 20% $ 1,290,390 $ 74,983 $ 987,956
Environmental Defense Fund AE $ 24,600,118 $ 19,660,223 $ 3,503,680 18% (unavailable from published data) J
Farm Animal Reform Movement AER $ 126,856 $ 109,932 $ 16,924 13% 13% $ 83,040 $ none $ 74,862
Farm Sanctuary AES $ 853,019 $ 710,072 $ 142,947 17% 40% $ 1,127,860 $ 946,525 $ 199,616
Free Willy/Keiko Foundation S $ 2,298,951 $ 2,187,844 $ 111,107 5% 5% $ 213,701 $ none $ 224,186 K
Friends of Animals AER $ 4,407,026 $ 3,875,274 $ 531,752 12% 18% $ 2,929,429 $ 151,855 $ 2,815,242
Fund for Animals AERS $ 3,390,075 $ 2,571,312 $ 818,763 24% 34 % $ 13.054,203 $ 1,103,574 $ 11,799,540
Greenpeace AE $ 24,156,746 $ 16,803,624 $ 7,353,122 30% 74% $ _7,168,025 $ 446,516 $ 1,064,236 L
Hermitage Cat Shelter S $ 70,199 $ 62,781 $ 7,418 11% 11% $ 351,967 $ (unavailable) C
Humane Farming Association AES $ 1,212,469 $ 973,683 $ 242,786 20% 35% $ 1,451,555 $ 415,334 $ 1,269,639
Humane Society International AEW $ 1,282,614 $ 912,735 $ 369,879 29% 29% $ none $ none $ none M
Humane Society of Central N.Y. S $ 122,862 $ 118,467 $ 4,395 4% 4% $ 92,415 $ 63,796 $ 34,731
Humane Society of Lackawanna Cty. S $ 353,355 $ 289,841 $ 63,514 18% 18% $ 769,743 $ 710,574 $ 15,442
Humane Society of the U.S. AEW $ 31.697,292 $ 20,285,127 $ 5,162,511 16% 49% $ 44,725,992 $ 9,887,663 $ 34,315,555 M
In Defense of Animals AER $ 1,378,453 $ 1,033,933 $ 344,520 25% 4 0% $ 374,033 $ 38,442 $ 250,643
Intl. Fund for Animal Welfare AE $ 7,386,414 $ 4,487,896 $ 2,898,518 39% 55 % $ 2,008,875 $ 1,522,460 $ 658,707 M
IFAW/U.S. AE $ 22,394 $ (Filed Form 990-EZ.) $ 8,670 $ none $ 8,670 N
Intl. Primate Protection Lg. AES $ 323,891 $ 200,475 $ 123,416 38% 38% $ 502,494 $ 224,919 $ 226,165
Intl. Soc. for Animal Rights AE $ 398,808 $ 317,405 $ 81,323 20% 32% $ 433,941 $ 120,028 $ 241,227 O
Intl. Wildlife Coalition AE $ 2,415,054 $ 1,992,824 $ 422,230 18% 18% $ 394,775 $ 855,107 $ 69,684
Kenosha County Humane Society S $ 188,330 $ 183,468 $ 4,862 3% 3% $ 159,247 $ 212,106 $ 49,418 P
Last Chance for Animals AER $ 466,789 $ 278,465 $ 188,324 40% 40% $ 26,398 $ none $ 14,873
Massachusetts SPCA AESW $ 22,788,795 $ 19,275,226 $ 3,513,569 15% 16 % $ 62,334,651 $ 9,304,788 $ 55,749,608 Q
National Alliance for Animals AE $ (Did not respond to direct request for IRS Form 990; IRS reported it couldn’t find one.)
National Animal Control Assn. W $ 132,934 $ 89,356 $ 43,578 33% 33% $ 101,099 $ 63,148 $ 75,267
Natl. Anti-Vivisection Soc. V $ 1,604,619 $ 1,052,109 $ 552,510 34% 5 2% $ 3,861,947 $ 16,631 $ 4,310,849 R
National Audubon Society AE $ 42,433,326 $ 27,212,683 $ 3,566,134 20% 33% $ 39,992,292 $ (unavailable) C
Natl. Humane Education Soc. S $ 6,337,852 $ 5,055,843 $ 1,282,009 25% 76% $ 1,320,614 $ 365,043 $ 1,341,069
Natl. Wildlife Federation AEH $100,653,000 $ 62,283,000 $10,573,453 11% 13% $ 2,619,751 $ 8,227,677 $ 13,108,812
Natural Resources Defense Cncil AEH $ 23,071,436 $ 18,699,063 $ 4,372,435 19% 22 % $ 19,410,320 $ 9,990,300 $ 15,238,082
The Nature Conservancy CH $312,462,469 $261,600,000 $28,641,183 11% (unavailable from published data) J
New England Anti-Viv. Soc. AERV $ 1,198,712 $ 997,641 $ 201,071 17% 17% $ 5,558.993 $ 557,620 $ 5,003,891 S
North Shore Animal League S $ 31,757,181 $ 22,833,724 $ 8,923,457 39% 39% $ 50,066,630 $12,930,064 $ 35,809,490 T
Peninsula Humane Society S $ 4,311,332 $ 3,614,750 $ 696,582 16% 2 1% $ 5,526,795 $ 1,217,358 $ 4,471,220
Pet Savers Foundation S $ 3,805,839 $ 3,464,697 $ 341,142 9% 9% $ 628,849 $ 95,744 $ 3,402,658 T
PETA AER $ 13,438,018 $ 10,936,927 $ 2,501,091 19% 22% $ 4,288,868 $ 1,032,620 $ 4,086,061 U
Phys. Comm. for Resp. Medicine AER $ 1,377,960 $ 1,217,561 $ 160,399 12% 17% $ 20,365 $ 53,689 $ 39,283
P.I.G.S., A Sanctuary S $ 101,091 $ 78,784 $ 22,307 22% 22% $ 24,184 $ none $ 24,184 A
Primarily Primates S $ 328,321 $ 255,384 $ 72,937 22% 22% $ 321,495 $ 294,814 $ 6,529
PsyETA AE $ 58,937 $ 49,271 $ 9,666 16% 16% $ 2,292 $ 1,537 $ 4,475
Red Bear Animal & Plant Sanctuary S $ 4,856 (unavailable from published data) $ 3,775 (unavailable) A C
San Francisco SPCA S $ 6,244,676 $ 5,360,827 $ 883,849 17% 17% $ 26,434,134 $24,818,455 $ 2,435,686
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society AE $ 598,144 $ 562,256 $ 35,888 6% 6% $ 445,553 $ 374,145 $ 71,350 V
Sierra Club AE $ 43,995,549 $ 36,313,690 $ 6,356,241 14% 14% $ 15,345,105 $ 4,085,578 $ 17,257,924
Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund L $ 11,549,645 $ 8,780,134 $ 2,769,511 24% 31% $ 6,829,167 $ 1,655,719 $ 6,723,104
Sinapu AE $ 82,640 $ 55,399 $ 27,241 33% 33% $ (unavailable from published data) C
SUPRESS AEV $ (Did not respond to direct request for IRS Form 990; IRS reported it couldn’t find one.)
Trust for Public Land C $ 26,486,923 $ 23,031,049 $ 841,023 4% (unavailable from published data) W
United Animal Nations AE $ 437,481 $ 336,600 $ 100,881 23% 31% $ 44,467 $ 16,211 $ 39,466

United States Equestrian Team $ 4,996,616 $ 3,552,436 $ 1,428,180 29% 29% $ 5,112,176 $ 605,464 $ 4,350,799
Vegetarian Resource Group AE $ 698,023 $ 558,418 $ 139,605 20% 20% $ (unavailable from published data) C
Veterinarians for Animal Rights AE $ 108,253 $ 88,852 $ 19,401 18% 18% $ 126,794 $ none $ 124,793 X
Wild Burro Rescue S $ 34,594 $ 30,821 $ 3,773 11% 11% $ 50,994 $ 25,300 $ 25,694 A
Wildlife Conservation Society AES $ 66,299,318 $ 55,677,423 $10,621,895 16% 16% $103,585,658 $ none $ 12,953,920 Y
Wildlife Rescue & Rehabilitation S $ 351,980 $ 280,121 $ 71,859 20% 20% $ 226,147 $ 339,778 $ 57,821
Wisconsin Humane Society S $ 2,610,075 $ 2,071,168 $ 538,907 21% 21% $ 6,555,950 $ 724,121 $ 5,811,013
World Soc. for Prot. of Animals AES $ 5,371,706 $ 3,812,609 $ 1,559,097 29% 29% $ 3,989,876 $ 411,512 $ 3,676,378
World Wildlife Fund AEH $ 63,597,284 $ 54,962,352 $ 8,634,932 14% 20 % $ 44,837,732 $ 2,785,295 $ 46,646,953

NOTES

A – No paid staff.
B – Full name is
Natl. Foundation
to Protect America’s
Eagles.
C – Data is taken
from a balance sheet
sent to membership.
D – The American
Humane Associ
a t i o n budget is
divided almost
equally between
child and animal
protection divisions.
E – The ASPCA
declared an unusually
large allowance
of $3.2 million for
doubtful accounts,
and claimed $8.1
million of “beneficial
interest in perpetual
trusts held by
others.”
F – Best Friends
program activity
appears to be even
more undervalued
than the norm for
shelters and sanctuaries,
when stated
according to strict
cost accounting,
due to the combination
of a large staff
working at very low
pay with heavy use
of volunteers.
G – The C A C C i s
the nonprofit agency
formed to take over
New York City animal
control duties
from the ASPCA.
The 1995 accounting
period covered
the CACC start-up,
8/23/94 to 10/30/95.
H – Data on the
Dolphin Alliance is
from a report filed
with the Florida
Dept. of Consumer
Services. The report
did not itemize compensation
to president
Joe Roberts
and other personnel.
I – Second to the
American Humane
Education Society
this year, DDAL in
the previous six
years that we’ve
published IRS Form
990 data has always
had the highest percentage
of income
spent on fundraising
and overhead, as
calculated by the
NCIB formula:
68% in 1989, 88%
in 1990, 70% in
1991, 89% in 1992,
96% in 1993, and
68% again in 1994.
DDAL on November
12 acknowledged
spending
“approximately 57%,
53%, and 53% of our
total expenses on
mailings that included
a fundraising
appeal in the past
three years,” in a
posting to the >>ARN
e w s @ e n v i r o l i n k
.org<< online forum.
J – Data comes from
The Chronicle of
P h i l a n t h r o p y ,
September 19 and
Oct. 31, 1996.
Fundraising costs
were stated; other
overhead was not.
K -The Free Willy/
Keiko Foundation
appears to be chiefly
a vehicle for receiving
funds raised by
other organizations.
Board members are
David Phillips, of
Earth Island Instit
u t e; Craig Van
Note, of M O N I –
T O R, a project of
the World Wildlife
F u n d; Paul Irwin,
of H S U S; and Peter
Winkler.
L – The G r e e n p e a c e
deficit of $7,168,025
reflects debts to the
Greenpeace Fund Inc.
of $6.8 million, and
of $4,147 owed to
other affiliates.
M – The Council of
Better Business
Bureaus Philanthropic
Advisory
Service, whose standards
for determining
fundraising costs are
less strict than those
of the NCIB, reported
in April 1996 that
“it is PAS’ opinion
that, in its 1995
audited financial
statements, H S U S
understated its fundraising
and membership
development
expenses and overstated
its program
service expenses.
Depending on the
allocation one
accepts,” PAS continued,
fundraising
costs alone could
range from 18% to
37% of total H S U S
1995 income. HSI is
an HSUS satelite.
N – IFAW has 14
affiliated organizations,
10 of them
chartered abroad.
The U.S.-based affiliates do little or no
independent fund-raising. Thus a more
accurate overview of the I F A W b a lance
of program vs. overhead costs
would include the activity of the affiliates
as well as of IFAW itself––and
would be much more favorable to
IFAW, as program spending relative to
fundraising would be much higher.
Unfortunately, we don’t have all the
data needed to give such a composite
view. However, two of the four
I F A W affiliates chartered in the U.S.,
IFAW/U.S. and the Brian Davies
F o u n d a t i o n, are included in these
tables. The latter funds work by the
Canadian-based I n t e r – n a t i o n a l
Marine Mammal Associ-ation i n
opposition to the Canadian seal hunt;
$297,827 in fiscal 1995. The other two
U.S. I F A W affiliates are the
IFAWHolding Co., which owns the
IFAW aircraft, and the IFAW Animal
Action Committee, a lobbying arm.
O – 1994 data. In 1995, former ISAR
president Helen Jones did not respond
to repeated direct requests for the IRS
Form 990 for fiscal year 1994. Her
successors sent it after she was dismissed
in January 1995 and sued by the
organization for alleged misconduct
including alleged misappropriation of
funds. As we reported in November,
that case was recently dropped. At
deadline, ISAR board president Henry
Mark Holzer told us, the Form 990
for 1995 was still in preparation.
P – The Kenosha County Humane
S o c i e t y appears to be almost entirely
funded by an animal control contract
with Kenosha County, Wisconsin.
Q – MSPCA fundraising expenses are
low in part because net revenue of
$11,256,451 was generated by operating
three veterinary hospitals, and net
revenue of $258,624 was generated
from a pet cemetery and crematorium.
R – NAVS board members received
expense accounts of $2,000 each.
S – N E A V S lists unspecified “other”
assets of $4,946,025.
T – North Shore accounting of direct
mail costs is disputed by the N a t i o n a l
Charities Information Bureau, which
contends that the N S A L reporting format
blurs the distinction between program
and fundraising expenses. W e
don’t see that problem, especially relative
to the many charities which report
costs from “educational” mailings that
include fundraising solicitations as
“program” expenditure. Pet Savers is
a subsidiary of NSAL, almost totally
funded by NSAL. In 1995 it operated
at a net loss of $2,743,358.
U – PETA acknowledged allocating to
program expense $470,573 of the cost
of combined educational and fundraising
campaigns, but this would appear
to be an unusually low percentage of
the total of $7,649,584 PETA spent on
campaigns conducted chiefly by direct
mail (“Public outreach and education”
and “International grassroots campaigns.”)
In addition, PETA claimed
program costs of $562,124 in connection
with selling “cruelty-free” merchandise.
The Council of Better
Business Bureaus’ Philanthropic
Advisory Service, long critical of
P E T A’s three-to-four-member board
structure because it includes two fulltime
PETA employees, cofounders
Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco,
in March advised that PETA also fails
to meet standards for truthful and accurate
solicitation.
V – The Sea Shepherd Conseration
Society data came in at deadline via
faxed memo from CPA George
Bogakos.
W – Trust for Public Land f u n d r a i sing
costs are very low relative to
income because gifts of land make up
more than half of the value of receipts.
X – Full name is Association of
Veterinarians for Animal Rights.
Y – The Wildlife Conservation
Society, incorporated as the New York
Zoological Society, operates the
Bronx Zoo, New York Aquarium,
Prospect Park Zoo, and C e n t r a l
Park Zoo (now under renovation) for
New York City. This accounts for
$46 million of the program budget.
Foreign conservation projects used $8.4
million; publishing Wildlife Conservation
magazine took $1.4 million.

SELECTED OPPOSITION ORGANIZATIONS

ORGANIZATION TYPE BUDGET PROGRAMS OVERHEAD % ADJ ASSETS FIXED CASH/SECUR.
N OT E
Americans for Medical Progress AE $ 484,437 $ 316,595 $ 167,842 35% 35% $ 207,313 $ 30,352 $ 146,570 Z
Animal Industry Foundation AE $ 151,039 $ 15,000 $ 136,039 90% 90% $ 267,759 $ none $ 274,586
Ducks Unlimited CH $ 67,395,853 $ 51,632,424 $15,763,429 23% 23% $ 16,515,602 $ 8,292,910 $ 10,035,882
Fndtn. for Biomed. Research AE $ 913,401 $ 719,947 $ 193,454 21% 21% $ 5,278,688 $ none $ 5,282,450 #
Natl. Assn. for Biomed. Resrch. AE $ 639,659 $ 458,637 $ 181,022 28% 28% $ 2,114,799 $ 9,820 $ 2,154,084 #
National Trappers Association H $ 567,375 $ 434,766 $ 132,609 23% 23% $ 192,079 $ 6,700 $ 171,941
Putting People First AE $ (IRS found no 1995 Form 990 on file. Merged recently with American Policy Center.)
Safari Club International AEH $ (IRS found no 1995 Form 990 on file.)
Wildlife Consrv. Fund of America AEH $ 667,119 $ 530,090 $ 137,029 21% 21% $ 1,786,915 $ 737,512 $ 1,277,680 *
Wildlife Legis. Fund of America AEH $ 993,896 $ 923,631 $ 70,265 7% 7% $ 361,653 $ none $ 456,258 *
Wisconsin Assn. for Biomed. Res. AE $ 75,544 $ 44,096 $ 31,448 42% 42% $ 46,926 $ none $ 46,926 C

Opposition

Z – Finding the Americans for
Medical Progress Educational
F o u n d a t i o n balance of program and
overhead costs is complicated because
A M P E F is incorporated as a private
foundation, not a public charity, and
accordingly files Form 990-PF, not the
standard Form 990. Form 990-PF does
not separate program spending from
overhead. The balance here is strictly
our own assessment based on the available
data. Historically, A M P E F h a s
been funded almost entirely by U . S .
Surgical Corp. In forwarding the
A M P E F filings, A M P E F director of
communications Jacquie Calnan wrote,
“As I am sure you will note, U . S .
Surgical is no longer listed as an affiliated
organization.” Indeed, no affiliates
are listed, nor are any sources of
funding identified. However, among
the 21 A M P E F board members are
U.S. Surgical president/CEO Leon
Hirsch and at least three other persons
who have worked for U.S. Surgical
# – FBR and NABR are separately
incorporated arms of essentially the
same organization.
* – The Wildlife Conservation Fund
of America a n d Wildlife Legislative
Fund of America are separately incorporated
arms of essentially the same

INDIVIDUAL COMPENSATION (EXECUTIVES, DIRECTORS, TOP-PAID STAFF AND CONSULTANTS)

The Pay column below combines salaries,
benefit plan contributions for those whose organizations
have a benefit plan, and expense accounts for the relative
handful of individuals who are not required to itemize
expenses. Individual independent contractors such
as attorneys, accountants, and consultants are listed as
well as directors and regular staffers.
Personnel paid for part-time work are shown
at their salary level if their pay was prorated to fulltime;
actual receipts, if known, are in the footnotes.
The IRS no longes requires disclosure of nonboard
compensation of under $50,000.
Four sets of salary norms aappear in boldface.
Norms identified as S A W A come from the 1993
Society of Animal Welfare Administrators survey of
Salary and Personnel Practices. Norms identified as
C&L come from the Coopers & Lybrand publication
Compensation in Not-for-Profit Organizations. Norms
identified as AL&A come from a survey of 1,377 nonprofit
organizations conducted by Abbott, Langer &
Associates, as summarized in the September 6, 1994
edition of The Chronicle of Philanthropy. Norms identified
as TP come from a Towers Perrin survey of 380
U.S. charities., as summarized in the September 19,
1996 edition of the Chronicle of Philanthropy.
Unpaid organization heads and other senior
staff are listed only if working in that capacity full-time.
Eleven groups listed in these tables rank
among or close to the top 380: the Nature Conservancy
(15), World Wildlife Fund (159), North Shore Animal
League (263), Humane Society of the U.S. (273),
Ducks Unlimited (267), National Audubon Society
(288), National Resources Defense Council (292),
Environmental Defense Fund (297), Trust for Public
Land (331), National Wildlife Federation (363), and
Wildlife Conservation Society (386).

Individual Position Group Pay Note
Jay Hair Past President NWF $336,377
JOHN STEVENSON President NSAL $287,299
FREDERIC KRUPP ExDir EnvDefFnd $254,879
WILLIAM CONWAY President WildCons $251,435
JOHN HOYT CEO HSUS $250,094 1
KATHRYN FULLER President WWF $228,335
Paul Irwin President HSUS $219,406 2
GUS THORNTON President MSPCA $208,961 3
ROGER CARAS President/CEO ASPCA $206,341
PETER BERLE President Audubon $205,800 4
JOHN SAWHILL President NatCons $203,554
BRIAN DAVIES CEO IFAW $201,890
CEO, budget <$10 million C &L
$198,200
WILLIAM W. HOWARD President NWF $195,639 5
JOHN H. ADAMS ExecDir NRDC $186,692
CEO, budget <$25 million A L &A
$185,244
Jennifer Herring VP WildCons $182,696
John McKew VP WildCons $176,802
Celia Tannenbaum VP Audubon $174,408
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFICER TP
$174,000
Richard Lattis VP WildCons $171,510
Lou Garibaldi VP WildCons $169,526
Marcia Aronoff DeptyDir EnvDefFnd $160,799
James Leape SrVP WWF $160,125
MARTIN J. ROSEN President TPL $156,398
Joel Thomas Secretary NWF $154,282
RICHARD AVANZINO Pres SF/SPCA $153,895 6
Alan Lamson VP NWF $151,003
PETER SELIGMANN Chr/CEO ConsIntl $148,543
Alric Clay VP NWF $148,482
Michael Arms ShelterDir NSAL $148,356
Russell Mittermeier Pres ConsIntl $144,387
VICTOR SHER President SCLDF $143,000
W. William Weeks VP NatCons $141,089
Richard Moore ExecDir IFAW $140,878 7
ROGER SCHLICKEISEN Pres DefofWild $140,250
Francis Dicicio PastTreas NWF $138,146
R. MICHAEL WRIGHT Pres AfrWild $137,500
Scott Schelling DVM MSPCA $135,557
Robert Strohm Editor NWF $135,669
CEO, budget $10-25 million AL &A
$135,000
Sharon Newsome VP NWF $133,226
Patricia Sullivan DeptyDir NRDC $129,542
Natalie Waugh VP-Develop WWF $127,928
Peter Theran DVM/VP MSPCA $125,992
Deborah Sorondo AsstSecty Sierra $125,871
TOP LEGAL PO SITION TP $125,10 0
Paul Gambardella DVM MSPCA $122,529
John Jensen VP NWF $121,748
J. MICHAEL McCLOSKEY Chair Sierra $120,541
DE PUTY CHIEF EXECUTIVE TP
$120,400
Frances Beincke DeptyDir NRDC $119,099
Neil Harpster DVM MSPCA $116,557
Patricia A. Forkan ExecVP HSUS $116,116
Vawter Parker VP SCLDF $115,544
Judy Keefer DirFinance NRDC $114,536
Bruce Bunting VP-Asia WWF $112,551
Lawrence J. Amon VP-Finance WWF $111,590
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER C& L
$111,100
John Grandy VP HSUS $110,871
John Foran ExecVP/CAO ASPCA $110,461 8
Michael Sherwood Attorney SCLDF $109,912
G. Thomas Waite III Treas HSUS $108,589
John Noble General Counsel WWF $107,156
Bonnie Brown MedicalDir NSAL $106,927
MARY MARGARET CUNNIFF ExDir NAVS $106,860 9
Timothy Brennan CFO IFAW $106,359
TOP LOBBYIST TP $106,800
William Curtiss Attorney SCLDF $106,447
Mark Rovner VP-PublicAff WWF $105,688
John Bowen VP MSPCA $105,000 3
Howard Levy VP MSPCA $104,984
Roger Kindler VP HSUS $104,282
Robert McIntyre SrVP TPL $104,253
Gary Hartshorn VP-R&D WWF $103,757
Michael Bernstein DVM MSPCA $103,352
Stephen Volker Attorney SCLDF $102,047
Paul P. Spaulding III VP SCLDF $102,197
James Boulay DVM MSPCA $101,958
Carl Pope ExecDir Sierra $101,049
Kenneth Cunniff Attorney NAVS $100,219 9
Elizabeth Petrecca DirDev NSAL $ 98,911
ANDREW DICKSON CEO WSPA $ 98,754
TOP SCI ENTIFIC RESEARCHER T P $
98,100
TOP LEGAL POSITION C&L $ 97,900
Stephen G. Eudene SrVP&CFO ASPCA $ 96,111
Louis Barnes AsstTreas Sierra $ 95,236
Jan Hartke DirDevelopment HSUS $ 94,957
Stephen Preston PersPropPln NSAL $ 94,237
Barry Giaquinto DirFinance NSAL $ 94,235
David Guest Attorney SCLDF $ 93,944
CEO, budget $1-$10 million C&L $
93,800
Frank Varenchik VP SCLDF $ 93,800
James Nations VP ConsIntl $ 92,784
Roderic Mast VP ConsIntl $ 91,701
Michael W. Fox VP HSUS $ 91,641
Stephen Zawistowski VP ASPCA $ 91,066
Robert O’Neill LawEnforce ASPCA $ 90,331 10
Howard Fox Attorney SCLDF $ 90,317
Thomas Havey Accountant HSUS $ 90,300
David Fischer ViceChair API $ 90,000 11
TOP ADMINISTRATOR TP $ 88,60 0
Charles Westfield DVM ASPCA $ 88,224
Tod Heisler VP ConsIntl $ 87,520
Elizabeth McCorkle VP-Fin AfrWld $ 87,297
Patricia Kelly VP ConsIntl $ 87,165
Vance Martin ProgmDirector HSUS $ 86,128
Fumiko Fukoka Consult ConsIntl $ 83,076
James Wyerman VP-Prog DefofWild $ 83,160
John Aldridge DVM SF/SPCA $ 82,614
David Stein DVM SF/SPCA $ 82,614
James Deane Editor DefofWild $ 82,500
KATHLEEN SAVESKY ExDir Peninsula $ 81,711
Janet Fesler AsstSecty WWF $ 81,222
Mark Stanley Price VP-Afr AfrWild $ 81,219
Douglas Giacalone DVM ASPCA $ 80,894
Silvio Olivieri VP ConsIntl $ 80,811
TOP COMMUNICATIONS/P R JOB TP $
8 0,100
DEPUTY CEO C&L $ 79,900
George Watford VPShltrOps ASPCA $ 78,849
REGIONAL OFFICE HEAD TP $
7 8,800
Judith Schwartz DVM ASPCA $ 78,167
TOP FUN DR AISER TP $ 77,40 0
Karen Farestad DirChildPrtc AHA $ 76,557
TOP FINANCIAL OFFICER TP $
7 5,700
MARTY KURTZ ExecDir CACC $ 75,000 12
VICTORIA WELLENS ExecDir WiscHum $ 73,846
PRISCILLA FERAL President FoA $ 73,587
HELEN JONES President ISAR $ 73,350 13
Bonnie Yoffe ChfStaff Peninsula $ 72,371
Sara Vickerman DrWstCst DefofWild $ 72,600
John Walsh ProjectDir WSPA $ 72,531
Neill Heath DirDev AfrWild $ 72,512
Kay Cooper Marketing WSPA $ 72,165
Carter Luke VP MSPCA $ 72,000
David Ganz Consulting HSUS $ 72,069
Randall Lockwood VP HSUS $ 71,948
Edmund Barrow ConsCrd AfrWild $ 71,892
TOP FINANCIAL OFFICER C&L $
7 1,900
David Wills VP HSUS $ 71,314 14
Richard Rice Director ConsIntl $ 71,245
Richard Clugston VP HSUS $ 71,010
ANNA BRIGGS President NHES $ 70,000
Alexander Stewart VP MSPCA $ 69,406
Charles Orasin VP-Oper DefofWild $ 69,090
Katherine Benedict DirAdmin HSUS $ 68,937
Karen Ziffer Director ConsIntl $ 68,884
Murdaugh S. Madden VP HSUS $ 68,418
Wayne Pacelle VP HSUS $ 68,249
Michael Sexenian Dir ConsIntl $ 67,760
FUNDRAISER, budget <$25 mil A L &A $
6 7,650
Deborah Snelson ProgHd AfrWild $ 67,320
Diana McMeekin DirComm AfrWild $ 66,673
ALAN BERGER ExecutiveDir API $ 66,458
William K. Kropp Treas NHES $ 65,548
EDWIN SAYRES Director AHA $ 65,146
BARBARA DUDLEY ExecDir Greenpeace $ 65,000
J. Robert Cox President Sierra $ 64,600 15
Carol Moulton AssocDir AHA $ 63,745
Betty Denny Smith DirHllywd AHA $ 63,745 16
Chas. Hutchenson Conslt ConsIntl $ 63,500
Jairo Rios Treasurer Greenpeace $ 63,000
John Hazam Consultant ConsIntl $ 62,233
Jill Elisofon Director ConsIntl $ 62,130
Scott Anderson DirMembDev PETA $ 62,000
Martin Stephens VP HSUS $ 61,795
Betsy Reinstein DirDev DefofWild $ 61,600
Carol Booker GenCounsl Greenpeace $ 63,000
Vicki Thorpe AsstTreas Sierra $ 60,751
John Fluke Director AHA $ 60,544
Deborah Salem VP HSUS $ 60,528
CEO, budget $2.5-$5 millio n A L &A $
6 4,500
Donald Barnes DirEduc NAVS $ 63,300
Alex Pacheco (NEAVS + PETA) $ 60,124 17
Herbert Rosenoff ChiefVet CACC $ 60,000 12
Thomas F. Joyce DeptyDir NAVS $ 60,000
Haroldo Castro Director ConsIntl $ 60,000
Priscilla McMullen ChfAdmn WSPA $ 59,566
Howard Lyman PrgramDirector HSUS $ 58,003
Lee Steffy Jenkins Consult HSUS $ 57,676
Rosalind Aveling ProgHd AfrWild $ 57,020
TOP LO BBYIST C&L $ 56,800
Barbara DiPietro AsstTr AfrWld $ 56,430
Janet D. Frake AsstSecty HSUS $ 56,047
Paige Macdonald Treasurer NWF $ 56,037
Joan Moody DirMedia DefofWild $ 55,550
Hank Fischer RpNrthRkss DefofWild $ 55,440
Sandy Hooper Director SF/SPCA $ 55,259
Jan M. Flaherty Consultant NWF $ 55,181
ALBERT CECERE Pres/CEO Eagles $ 55,000
Terrence DeRosa DeptyDir CACC $ 55,000 12
Geoffrey Hochman Controller CACC $ 55,000 12
Douglas Mansfield GenCouns CACC $ 55,000 12
JOYCE TISCHLER ExecDir ALDF $ 54,917
Ralph Dennard Director SF/SPCA $ 54,764
FUNDRAISER, bdgt $10-25 mil A L &A $
5 4,592
Venola Johnson DeptyExDir Grppce $ 54,000
Herman Kaufman Attorney FoA $ 53,750
TOP EDITOR/P R PERSON C& L $
5 3,650
Edward Winnick DVM NHES $ 53,250
Lynn Spivak Director SF/SPCA $ 53,095
Cindy Milburn RegionalDir WSPA $ 52,955
ELLIOT KATZ President IDA $ 52,845
Steve Ann Chambers Pres ALDF $ 52,032
CEO, budget $1-$2.5 millio n A L &A $
5 2,000
A NIMAL SHELTER EXEC. DIR. SAWA $
5 2,000
Marcia Glaser AsstSecty HSUS $ 51,070
Judith Calhoun DirDev Peninsula $ 50,627
Dianne Forthman AsstSecTr FoA $ 50,353
Paul Bogart NatCampDir Greenpeace $ 50,000
Rose McCullough PubOutDir Grnpce $ 50,000
TOP RESEARCHER C &L $ 49,600
D av id Ch atfield RegDir Grnpeace $
4 9,220
W illiam Kelle r RegDir Greenpeac e $
48,976
Al Reyes Controller SF/SPCA $ 48,875
Charleen Tyson Controller MSPCA $ 48,020
FUNDRAISER, bdget $5-$10 mil AL &A $
47,800
Carl Anthony Pres EarthIsland $ 46,254 18
Donna Hart VicePresident IWC $ 46,243
Stephen Best Consultant IWC $ 46,243
MARY JO KOVIC Pres DefAniRghts $ 43,976 19
DANIEL J. MORAST President IWC $ 43,143
Margaret A. King DirAdmi IWC $ 43,143
CEO, bdgt $250,000-$500,000 AL& A $
41,418
CEO, budget >$1 million C& L $ 41,40 0
James Kovic VP DefAniRghts $ 41,120 19
Deanna Soares VP UAN $ 41,064
LYNN CUNY ExecDir WRR $ 39,253
D. McNeilly FinanceDir NEAVS $ 37,547
FUNDRAISER, bdgt $2.5-$5 mil AL&A $
37,512
Alex Pacheco LegisAffairs NEAVS $ 37,212 17
Virginia Dungan VP NHES $ 36,715 20
BELTAN MOURAS President UAN $ 36,256
Vernon Weir DirProg UAN $ 35,193
FUNDRAISER, bdgt $1-2.5 mil A L &A $
35,000
Joanne McGarry Secty SF/SPCA $ 34,067
ANIMA L SHELTER ASST. DI R. SAWA $
34,050
Irene Cruikshank MgingDir NEAVS $ 34,000
Linda Bound GraphicArtist IWC $ 33,920
Joseph G. Murphy Computers IWC $ 33,600
JOHN A. KNOX ExecDir EarthIsland $ 33,564
DAVID PHILLIPS ExecDr EarthIsland $ 33,564
Rebecca Villarreal AsstSec AfrWld $ 32,717
David Wiley ProgramCoord IWC $ 32,659
FUNDRAISER, budget >$1 mil. A L &A &
32,550
William Hansen VesselCaptain IWC $ 31,642
Robert Price AcctsMg r IWC $ 31,360
TINA NELSON ExecDir AAVS $ 31,092
CH IE F HUMANE INVESTIGATOR SAWA $
30,737
M. Feldman EducationDir NEAVS $ 30,710
BRADLEY MILLER President HFA $ 29,000 21
Bonnie Miller Secty/Treas HFA $ 29,000 21
CEO, budget >$250,000 AL& A $
28,000
PUBLICATIONS COORDINAT OR SAWA $
28,000
Susan Altieri SectyTreas ISAR $ 27,667 13
Terri Crisp DirEmrgAnmlSrv UAN $ 27,566
Justin Lowe BoardMbr EarthIsland $ 25,755 18
JOHN MAYS ExecDir NACA $ 23,782 22
Stephen Tello Secretary PrimPrim $ 23,415 23
Alex Pacheco President PETA $ 22,912 17
MICHAEL MOUNTAIN Director BestFr $ 21,850
HENRY SPIRA President ARI $ 19,800
ANIMA L HEALTH TECHNI CI AN SAW A $
17,576
LORRI BAUSTON President FarmSanct $ 17,007 24
Holly McNulty SecTreas FarmSanct $ 16,837
Christopher Fripp Treas BestFr $ 16,786 25
James D. Taylor Director NHES $ 16,740
Celeste Fripp Secretary BestFr $ 16,535 25
Gregory Castle 2ndVP BestFr $ 16,372
Alfred Battista 1stVP BestFr $ 15,792
Ernest Eckhoff Director BestFr $ 15,625
Faith Maloney President BestFr $ 15,625
Christopher dePeyer Dir BestFr $ 15,288 26
WALLY SWETT President PrimPrim $ 14,000 23
KIM BARTLETT Publ A NIMAL PEO PL E $ 13,800 27
Merritt Clifton Ed A NIMAL PEOPL E $ 13,800 27
Gene Bauston VP FarmSanct $ 13,027 24
KEN SHAPIRO ExecDir PsyETA $ 13,000
Debby Mays OfficeMgr NACA $ 11,960 22
ADOPTION COUNSELOR S AW A $
16,609
Jonathan dePeyer Director BestFr $ 4,450 26
INGRID NEWKIRK VP PETA $ 3,462 28

Selected opposition salaries
Individual Position Group Pay Note
MATTHEW CONNALLY JR. ExVP Ducks $234,202
Keith Rubin FieldOper Ducks $170,427
Randy Graves CFO Ducks $159,062
William J. Straughan GpMgr Ducks $152,979
James L. Ware GrpMgr Ducks $137,078
David T. Riley HumanRes Ducks $128,176
James H. Glass ViceChr WLFA/WCFA $128,113
STEVEN KOPPERUD President AIF $123,140 29
Mickey Heitmeyer Research Ducks $119,788
David Wesley Operations Ducks $118,720
James W. Goodrich VP WLFA/WCFA $118,263
John Smolko IntlAffairs Ducks $112,141
Barbara A. Rich ExecVP NABR $ 87,437
Mary Brennan VP FBR $ 81,763
SUSAN E. PARIS President AMPEF $ 79,051
John Clymer VP AMPEF $ 63,017
Kay N. Johnson ExecDir AIF $ 34,533 FRANCINE
TRULL President FBR/NABR none

Notes on compensation

1 – John Hoyt officially retired in May 1996, but
reportedly continues to keep office hours.
2 – According to the Sept./Oct. 1996 edition of
Board Member, the newsletter of the National
Center for Nonprofit Boards, HSUS president Paul
Irwin in February 1996 “collected a $15,000 fee for
serving as executor for a deceased board member.
Board chairman O.J. Ramsey learned that Irwin had
received the fee from a reporter. While Ramsey told
the press that Irwin should have reported the
executor’s fee, he pointedly defends the society’s
compensation practices.”
3 – Includes salary from MSPCA affiliates.
4 – John Flicker recently succeeded Peter Berle as
president of the Natlional Audubon Society.
5 – William W. Howard was interim NWF president
for 1995.
6 – Richard Avanzino’s 1995 base salary was
$115,500. He also received $24,603 in vacation pay
accumulated over several years.
7 – Richard Moore is now an IFAW consultant.
8 – John Foran is no longer with the ASPCA.
9 – Mary Margaret and Kenneth Cunniff are wife
and husband. Kenneth Cunniff, a contract
employee, maintains a separate law practice.
10 – Robert O’Neill is no longer with the ASPCA.
11 – Prorated to fulltime equivalent. David Fischer
was actually paid $9,000, for a four-hour work
week.
12 – CACC salaries are stated at their prorated
annual level. Employees were hired at various times
in the1995 fiscal year, the CACC’s first. Susan
Kopp has since replaced Herbert Rosenoff as chief
veterinarian; Terrence DeRosa left to head the
Detroit Zoo, and was replaced by Michael Pastore;
and Leonard Englehardt replaced Geoffrey
Hochman as controller.
13 – Helen Jones was removed from office in January
1996. Susan Altieri is now executive director.
14 – David Wills was suspended in August 1995 and
fired in November 1995 for alleged sexual harassment
and misappropriation of funds. Related legal
actions remain before the courts.
15 – Salary is stated at prorated annual level.
J. Robert Cox was actually paid for only six months
of the 1995 fiscal yea. Adam Werbach became
Sierra Club president in May 1996.
16 – Betty Denny Smith has announced she will
retire at the end of this year..
17 – Alex Pacheco was paid by both NEAVS and
PETA during 1995.
18 – Salaries are stated at prorated full-time level.
Carl Anthony was actually paid $23,127, for 20
hours a week; Justin Lowe was paid $20,604, for
32 hours a week.
19 – Mary Jo & James Kovic were formerly wife
and husband.
20 – NHES filings of IRS Form 990 from previous
years indicate that Virginia Dungan’s husband Earl
is also employed by NHES, at about the same
salary, and that the Dungans receive housing and use
of vehicles in addition to their cash compensation.
21 – Bradley & Bonnie Miller are husband and wife.
22 – John and Debby Mays are husband and wife.
23 – Stephen Tello and Wally Swett also get
housing and vehicle.
24 – Lorri and Gene Bauston are wife and husband,
and also get housing plus vehicle.
25 – Christopher Fripp and Celeste Fripp are
husband and wife.
26 – Christopher & Jonathan dePeyer are brothers.
27 – Kim Bartlett & Merritt Clifton are wife and
husband.
28 – Ingrid Newkirk also receives housing and
transportation.
29 – Prorated to fulltime equivalent.
Steven Kopperud was actually paid $12,314 for
10% of his time