No bullfight in Moscow

From ANIMAL PEOPLE, September 2001:

MOSCOW–Known for hardline positions against prostitution,
public begging, and other activities he considers offensive,
nine-year Moscow mayor Yuri Luzhkov on August 29 signed a decree
forbidding a two-day exhibition of Portuguese-style bullfighting that
was to have been held during the second weekend of September.
Luzhkov called bullfighting “an unacceptable display of violence.”
The 13 bulls imported for the event were not to have been
killed in the ring, although they reportedly were to be killed for
beef afterward, but would have been tormented with banderillas by
Portuguese matador Victor Mendes, French matador Marco Antonio
Romero, and Russian female bullfighter Lidia Artamanova, who had
apparently done all her previous bullfighting abroad.

Reports differed as to whether the fights were to be in the
true Portuguese style, using barbed banderillas which cause the
bulls extensive bleeding, or in the mock-Portuguese style of U.S.
bullfighting exhibitions, with Velcro banderillas thrust into pads
strapped or glued to the bulls’ backs.
Luzhkov issued his decree after receiving appeals from
Russian Orthodox Church patriarch Alexis II and French
actress-turned-animal-defender Brigitte Bardot, who reportedly
blasted him in 1998 for ordering the extermination of street dogs.
Russian Academy of Entertainment spokesperson Boris Utyugov
confirmed that the bullfights were cancelled. Claiming losses of $1
million after selling 10,000 tickets, Russian Academy of
Entertainment chief Andrei Agapov threatened to sue the city, after
reportedly threatening since April to sue activists who began trying
to stop the introduction of bullfighting to Russia in March.
“The day when the mayor of Mos-cow loses a case in a Moscow
court is still far off,” scoffed one civic official to London Times
correspondent Mark Franchetti.
Public demonstrations were led by the local organizations
Walking Together and the Center for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
of Moscow, with out-of-town support from the allied Center for the
Ethical Treatment of Animals of Kharkov, Ukraine.
World-class gymnast Elena Slyusar-chik, an active volunteer
for the Kharkov group, ridiculed the pretense of bullfighters to
athleticism with a spectacular sidewalk display using ballet moves
and a hula-hoop.
The protesters also attacked the notion of bullfighting as culture.
“In the leaflets and brochures issued by our Center, we
included Jack London’s anti-bullfighting story “John Harned’s
Madness,” and “The Corrida,” the anti-bullfighting poem by Eugene
Evtushenko,” explained CETA/Karkhov spokesperson Igor Parfenov, who
traces his own activism for animals to the writings of Leo Tolstoy.
Anti-Bullfighting Movement of Portugal campaign coordinator
Maria Lopes urged activists around the world to continue efforts to
keep bullfighting from spreading beyond Spain, Portugal, southern
France, and parts of Latin America.
A three-day exhibition of Portuguese bullfighting was
conducted in Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia, September 7 to
9. A bull squeezed through a fence and charged the crowd during
the third fight on the second day.
Associated Press reported that, “Deputy interior minister
Oganes Varian pulled up in a special ambulance and shot at the animal
eight times from a pistol, police said. The bull was not subdued,
so one of the bullfighters then stabbed him.”
There were reports that the Yerevan bullfights were held to
mark the 1700th anniversary of the establishment of Christianity in
Yerevan.
“The Armenian Apostolic Church does not participate in or
support events that display bloody scenes to the public and are
against the norms of Christian morality,” the Holy Echmiadzin press
service stated two weeks before the fights were held.
Portuguese matador Mendes was scheduled to lead a similar
exhibition in Kazakhstan on October 20/21.
An attempt to reintroduce the Indian variation on
bullfighting to the former Portuguese colony of Goa, India, failed
in September 2000. Promoters Alex Fernandes of Santa Cruz and Denzil
Menezes of Agaciam were arrested and their bulls were seized.
Both Santa Cruz and Agaciam remain Portuguese enclaves within India.
Judicially banned under the Goa Public Gambling Act in
December 1997, Indian-style bullfights involve two bulls who clash
with each other. The contests are considered profane by most of
India’s Hindu majority and by Jains, whose population is
concentrated in western India, north of Goa.
Theology
Belgian theologian Marie Hendrickx in December 2000 reminded
Catholics via the semi-official Vatican newspaper L’Osserv-atore
Romano that bullfighting is profane to the teachings of Christianity,
too.
Hendrickx went on to question other forms of animal abuse
sometimes associated with Catholic festivals, such as “throwing cats
or goats off a bell tower,” and asked if “the right to use animals
to feed oneself implies raising chickens in cages smaller than a
notebook, or raising calves in boxes where they cannot move or see
the light of day, or pinning down sows with iron rings into a
nursing position so that piglets can suck the milk without ever
stopping, and thus grow faster?”
Hendrickx also questioned whether the right claimed by the
Church for humans to wear fur means that the cruelties of trapping
are morally acceptable.
Hendrickx wrote to point out in specific the significance of
a difference between the initial and official translations of a
passage in the catechism which at first was rendered, “If kept
within reasonable limits, medical and scientific experiments on
animals are morally acceptable practices, because they contribute to
care for and save human lives.”
In the official Latin edition and the final English version,
the passage now reads, “Medical and scientific experimentation on
animals is a morally acceptable practice if it remains within
reasonable limits and contributes to caring for and saving human
lives.”
The major difference, Hendrickx argued, is that the change
of the absolute “because” to the conditional “if” places a much
stronger onus on humans to avoid causing preventable harm to animals.
The nuances of Catholic doctrine were noted in May 2001 by D.
Serafim Ferreira Silva, Bishop of Leira/Fatima in Portugal, who
explained to reporters that Fatima “is a sanctuary of peace for
humans and nature,” in keeping with the messages supposed to have
been delivered there to children in 1917 by a vision of the Virgin
Mary.
However, the Equestrian Associa-tion and Sports Club of
Fatima proceded with a June 3 fundraising bullfight.
Said Maria Lopes, “The bullfight lovers say that they are
much closer to the Catholic Church than opponents, because they say
we defend abortion and people who live together but are not married.”

Symbol of backlash

Portuguese bullfighting has been misleadingly promoted as
“bloodless” since killing bulls in the ring was banned in 1928.
Spanish bullfighters, by contrast, killed an estimated 35,000 bulls
in 1999: 18,000 of them at about 3,000 regional festivals, the rest
in big rings.
Noticing that Spanish bullfights attract more tourists,
Portuguese promoters have recently defied the law, aware that the
fines for breaking it could easily be paid from higher gate receipts.
A part of the law putting bullfighters at risk of being jailed for
three years if they kill bulls was rescinded in 1999.
Lethal bullfights have been openly held at Barrancos, near
the Spanish border, since August 2000. Bullfighter Pedrito de
Portugal reintroduced bull-killing to the Moita ring, near Lisbon,
on September 1. Police held de Portugal briefly for questioning
after he twice lapped the stadium with the bull’s bloody ear in his
hand, but released him after a mob threatened to storm the police
station.
A similar mob assaulted protesters outside the Cascais bull
ring on July 28, Maria Lopes reported, in an incident she said was
not noted by any Portuguese media.
Adam Sage of the London Times reported in April 2001, and
Patrick Bishop of the Daily Telegraph confirmed in August that
tourism, including from Britain, is stoking a revival of
bullfighting in France. A record 300,000 people attended a recent
four-day series of bullfights at Arles.
“At this time of global exchange, economic liberalism, and
European integration,” said Marie-Jose Justamond, founder of the
all-female bullfighting fan club Las Liviandas, “we want to get back
in touch with our local identity.”
Observed Sage, “As bullfighting has come to represent part
of the anti-globalisation wave in France, so it has attracted
visitors from increasingly far afield–often jet-setters who want to
establish anti-global credentials.”
Sage noted the presence at the Arles bullfights of
conservative politicians from both Britain and France who never
previously showed an interest. The French conservatives took the
opportunity to denounce before substantial audiences a series of
regional court rulings that France must obey a 1979 European Union
directive that migratory birds may not be shot before September 1.
The estimated 1.5 million French hunters kill about 32 million birds
per year in a “season” traditionally running from mid-August to
February.
Also denounced was a July ruling by the French Interior
Ministry that village festivals in which crowds try to catch bulls
who run with ropes around their necks are unacceptably cruel.

Scum also rises

Tourism is reportedly also filling bull rings in Spain,
where the autonomous regions of Andalucia, Aragon, Extremadura,
and Asutrias have no animal protection laws whatever, and a new bull
ring is under construction at Mijas, near Malaga–a resort city
which already has six bull rings close by.
The $4.5-billion-a-year Spanish bullfighting industry has
even had the clout to force the government to pay subsidies to
promoters who are no longer allowed to sell the meat of slain bulls
because the practice is believed to have some risk of spreading mad
cow disease.
At Medinaceli, Spain, however, the Asociacion Nacional
para la Proteccion y el Bienestar de los Animales claimed a first in
March 2001 when the town council was fined 50,000 pesetas for
sponsoring a fire bull chase, involving the public pursuit of a bull
who was festooned with torches on his horns and strings of fireworks
on his back.
Similar events reportedly continue with impunity elsewhere,
including the September 11 “Toro de Vega” in Tordesillas, Spain, in
which participants chase and kill a bull using medieval spears, and
a September 13 event featuring calves in Cali, one of the reputed
cocaine capitals of Colombia.
Actress Penelope Cruz in February 2001 became possibly the
least popular person in Pamplona when she signed a PETA petition
against the annual Feast of San Fermin bull run, held each July.
Made famous by the 1924 Ernest Hemingway novel The Sun Also Rises,
the Pamplona bull run was then among just a few in which the bulls
chase the people.
Post-Hemingway, the increasing popularity of recreational
running coincided with an explosion of interest in Pamplona-style
bull running–which is relatively safe, as Hemingway noted. Since
1924, only 13 runners have been killed, the last one in 1995, and
just over 200 have been seriously injured, among tens of thousands
of participants. The risk ratio is comparable to that of
participating in major mass marathons.
Other runs are riskier–for spectators. In September 2001,
Felix Rodrieguez, 81, of Rouen, France, was fatally gored as he
videotaped the annual bull run at Medina del Campo, begun in 1970.
Fight Against Animal Cruelty in Europe founder Vicki Moore, then 39,
suffered a similar goring in 1995 while photographing the bull run at
Coria. She died last year at 44 from complications of her injuries.
Her husband Tony Moore continues to lead anti-bullfighting protests.
Attempts to introduce bull running to the U.S. have had mixed
results. The first of two runnings held in Mesquite, Nevada in 1998
and 1999 was apparently more financially successful for promoter Phil
Immordino than the second. Last year former rodeo performer Derik
Strelsky hoped to attract several hundred runners at $75 apiece to a
20-bull run he organized at Jarrell, Texas. It drew 800 spectators,
but only 20 runners: one per bull. Bull runs held in July 2000 and
2001 to start the 37th and 38th editions of the National Basque
Festival in Elko, Nevada, have also drawn about 20 runners each.
The 2001 crowd, however, was estimated at 5,000.

Rodeo bullfights

Attempts have also been made to introduce bullfighting in
some form to U.S. and Canadian rodeos. The Canadian variant,
performed at the 2000 Canadian Professional Rodeo Association finals,
typically consists of two clowns teasing the bull. One clown hides
in a barrel. The other hides behind it.
The California State Fair included a mock-Portuguese
bullfight on August 19, 2001, promoted by Cotton Rosser of the
Flying U Rodeo Company, based in Marysville, California.
“Bullfighting has been illegal in California since 1957,”
pointed out Eric Mills of Action for Animals, citing section 597m of
the state penal code:
It shall be unlawful for any person to promote, advertise,
stage, hold, manage, conduct, paritcipate in, engage in, or
carry on any bullfight exhibition, any bloodless bullfight contest
of exhibition, or any similar contest or exhibition, whether for
amusement or gain or otherwise.”
But the law goes on to allow that:
Nothing herein shall be construed to prohibit rodeos or to
prohibit measures necessary to the safety of participants at rodeos,
and that, This section shall not…be construed as prohibiting
bloodless bullfights, contests, or exhibitions held in connection
with religious celebrations or religious festivals.
“On August 4 of this year, one of Rosser’s employees at a
Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association rodeo in Paso Robles was
videotaped electroshocking five different bulls in the holding
chutes, in direct violation of the new California rodeo law, SB
1462, by Senator Don Peralta, of which I was the sponsor,”
continued Mills.
The Flying U Rodeo Company is also among the rodeo firms most
often videotaped in the act of electroshocking bulls by Steve Hindi
and other members of SHARK.
A year-long SHARK campaign forced Pepsi-Cola to stop
advertising in bull rings in early 2000. More recently, SHARK video
of rodeo cowboys electroshocking bulls caused the National High
School Rodeo Finals to amend their rules to reduce but not eliminate
electroshocking, and brought Big Hat Rodeo Company owner Rudy
Calzavara to court to plead “no contest” to four counts of
electroshocking bulls at the Kane County Fair in St. Charles,
Illinois, on July 21, 2001. St. Charles banned electroshocking in
May 2001.
“Cazavera paid a mere $200 for each count,” said Hindi,
“but subsequent violations could bring a fine of $500 each.”